Соотношения индексов sourceModel и QSortFilterProxyModel можно получить с помощью методов
C++ (Qt)
virtual QModelIndex mapFromSource(const QModelIndex &sourceIndex) const override;
virtual QItemSelection mapSelectionFromSource(const QItemSelection &sourceSelection) const override;
virtual QItemSelection mapSelectionToSource(const QItemSelection &proxySelection) const override;
virtual QModelIndex mapToSource(const QModelIndex &proxyIndex) const override;